englishpolyglots.mp3
6min_english_polyglots.pdf
Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.
Rob
And I’m Rob.
Neil
Bonjour, Rob! Kon’nichi’wa!
Rob
Excuse me?
Neil
¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás?
Rob
Oh, OK, I think Neil’s saying ‘hello’ in different languages – French, was it? And
then.. Japanese? And… Spanish? Is that right?
Neil
¡Si, muy bien!
Neil
The English are famously slow to learn other languages. But it seems that Rob
and I - and of course you - our global audience here at 6 Minute English - are
good examples of polyglots – people who speak more than one language,
sometimes known as 'superlinguists'. People who speak multiple languages
benefit from many advantages, as we’ll be hearing in this programme.
Rob
That word polyglot sounds familiar, Neil. Doesn’t the prefix – poly – mean,
‘many’?
Neil
That’s right, like polygon – a shape with many sides.
Rob
Or polymath – someone who knows many things.
Neil
And speaking of knowing things, it’s time for my quiz question. The word
polyglot comes from Greek and is made up of two parts: poly, which as Rob says,
means ‘many’, and ‘glot’. But what does ‘glot’ mean? What is the meaning of the
word polyglot? Is it:
a) many words?,
b) many sounds? or
c) many tongues?
Rob
Well, there’s three syllables in ‘polyglot’, Neil, so I reckon it’s b), many sounds.
Neil
OK, Rob, we’ll find out if that’s right at the end of the programme. But leaving
aside the origins of the word, what exactly does being a polyglot involve?
British-born polyglot, Richard Simcot speaks eleven languages. Listen to his
definition as he speaks to BBC World Service programme, The Documentary:
Richard Simcot
A polyglot for me can be anyone who identifies with that term – it’s somebody
who learns languages that they don’t necessarily need for their lives, but just out
of sheer enjoyment, pleasure or fascination with another language or culture.
Rob
For Richard, being a polyglot simply means identifying with the idea - feeling
that you are similar or closely connected to it.
Neil
He says polyglots learn languages not because they have to, but for the sheer
enjoyment, which means, ‘nothing except’ enjoyment. Richard uses the word
sheer to emphasise how strong and pure this enjoyment is.
Rob
As well as the pleasure of speaking other languages, polyglots are also better at
communicating with others. My favourite quote by South Africa’s first black
president, Nelson Mandela, is: "If you talk to a man in a language he understands,
that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart."
Neil
How inspiring, Rob – I’m lost for words! Here’s another: ‘To have another
language is to possess a second soul’.
Rob
So language learning is good for the head, heart and soul – a person’s spirit or
the part of them which is believed to continue existing after death.
Neil
Yes – and what’s more, language learning is good for the brain too. That’s
according to Harvard neuroscientist, Eve Fedorenko. She’s researched the effects
of speaking multiple languages on the brains of growing children.
Rob
Eve predicted that multilingual children would have hyperactive language brains.
But what she actually found surprised her, as she explains here to BBC World
Service’s The Documentary:
Eve Fedorenko
What we found – this is now people who already have proficiency in multiple
languages - what we found is that their language regions appear to be smaller,
and that was surprising… and as people get better and better, more automatic
at performing the task, the activations shrink, so to speak, over time, it becomes
so that you don’t have to use as much brain tissue to do the task as well, so you
become more efficient.
Neil
Eve was testing children who already have language proficiency – the skill and
ability to do something, such as speak a language.
Rob
Her surprising discovery was that the language regions of these children’s brains
were shrinking – not because their speaking skills were getting worse, but the
opposite; as they learned and repeated language patterns, their brain tissue
became more efficient – worked quicker and more effectively.
Neil
It’s suggested that this increased efficiency is a result of exposure to different
languages.
Rob
So that proves it, Neil: speaking many languages is good for the head, heart,
mind and soul!
Neil
You took the words right out of my mouth!
Rob
And speaking of words, what does the ‘glot’ in polyglot actually mean? Was my
answer correct?
Neil
Ah, that’s right. In my quiz question I asked you for the meaning of the word
‘polyglot’.
Rob
I said, b) many sounds.
Neil
But in fact the correct answer was c) many tongues. You may be a polyglot, Rob,
but you’re not quite a polymath yet!
Rob
OK, well, let me get my brain tissues working by recapping the vocabulary,
starting with polyglot – someone who speaks many languages.
Neil
The language centres in a polyglot’s brain are efficient – they work quickly and
effectively in an organised way.
Rob
Proficiency means the skill and ability to do something well. And if you identify
with something, you feel you are similar or closely connected to it.
Neil
Polyglots learn languages for the sheer enjoyment of it – a word meaning
‘nothing except‘ which is used to emphasise the strength of feeling.
Rob
So speaking many languages is good for mind and soul – a person’s non-physical
spirit which some believe to continue after death.
Neil
That’s it for this programme, but to discover more about language learning,
including some useful practical tips, check out The Superlinguists series from
BBC World Service’s The Documentary!
Rob
Bye for now!
Neil
Bye!
VOCABULARY
polyglot
someone who speaks many languages
identify with
feel that you are similar or closely connected to something
sheer
nothing except; used to emphasise how strong, pure or powerful a feeling is
soul
spirit or non-physical part of a person which is sometimes believed to continue to
exist after death
proficiency
skill and ability to do something well
efficient
working quickly and effectively in an organised way
